JACKSON AVW (1938) Brand new personality out-of Mani, the newest inventor off Manichaeism
Haj, Disability in Antiquity, q
Diary of your own American Oriental People 58: 235-40. Supposed representations away from Mani or Manes, c. 216-276 Ce, try discussed, which have planning of your tradition noted because of the al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Le) one to Mani try lame in feet or in his best feet. You to definitely community would be backed by retranslation off an expression within the the newest Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.two hundred, 1-13) (select Dinkard, above), using the identity ‘broken’ otherwise ‘crippled’ so you’re able to Mani (look for lower than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, based on Michael Dols, he discussed “actual infirmities including surface conditions, lameness, paralysis, and you can deafness and personal qualities such as for instance hair loss, leanness, and you can ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh Lepers, the newest Lame, the brand new Blind, plus the Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) try a prolific, important and you may rather unsightly author having ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), from the Basra (today for the Iraq), whoever functions could have been far quoted along the Arab industry. ” His aim were to demonstrate that “physical infirmities and you may distinct features don’t impede an individual out-of are a completely energetic person in this new Muslim people otherwise pub your regarding extremely important practices. Al-Jahiz handled that physical circumstances aren’t social stigmas however they are exactly what are named signs and symptoms of divine blessing or favor.” (Yards Dols, 1983, The new leper inside Medieval Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, into the p. 901) Even with his personal connection with bad social responses, al-Jahiz in just one of their better-identified performs, ‘The Wonders of Creation’, composed harshly on public areas of deafness. Apart from the deaf person’s death of audio, “People are bored in his providers and he is actually a weight to them. They are not able to hear some of the man’s tales and you may conversations. Regardless of if present it’s as though he were absent, and although real time it is because if he had been dry.” (quoted from the F. v., p. 159). Select 2nd products. An alternate commentator cards you to definitely “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is considered the most difficult works by Jahiz, and its particular issue is almost unique in the historical Arabic literary works. (There does not seem to be an enthusiastic English interpretation offered by present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Lifestyle into the Old India as the Portrayed from the Jain Canons. Bombay: The fresh new Publication Providers. Illness and you can cures, together with some handicaps, from Jaina offer (pp. 178-81). People with handicaps, as well as mental retardation, was excluded out of signing up for religious sales (194). Discover Tattvartha Sutra, below; also 2nd several situations).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated regarding Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, dos vols, (1884 and you will 1895), SBE twenty two & forty-five, Oxford: Clarendon. [The fresh SBE show made use of an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in the place of ‘J’, certainly factors. Right here ‘Gaina’ has been reinserted in the typical alphabetical buy getting comfort.] – The Akaranga Sutra (from inside the vol. I), out-of even the fifth century Le, provided knowledge for a holy and you will innocuous existence. Handicap and you may disability appear, age.g. “for the devastation of one’s attitudes of one’s ear, attention, areas regarding smelling, tasting, holding, one will get alert to the newest refuse out-of lifestyle” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fruit of incorrect acts within the before lifestyle is actually: “Boils and you can leprosy, consumption, falling illness, blindness and firmness, lameness and you may humpbackedness, Dropsy and you may dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and you can vision-problem, shaking and you will crippledness, elephantiasis and you can diabetic issues, They are 16 problems specified for the owed order; and them of a lot afflictions and wounds can be found.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step 1.] But really proper-inclined anybody is make sure to play with harmless terminology whenever conference a person with such as for example requirements. It “must not speak ones in this way: ‘He has got boils otherwise leprosy, etcetera [including the latest terminology shown more than]; their give is actually slashed, otherwise his base, nostrils, ear canal, lip are slash.’ Getting while the all of the these people, verbal so you’re able to such words, getting resentful, and that, provided better, they have to not communicate with them in such words.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The newest Uttaradhyayana Sutra (in the Vol. II) also notes handicap that have age, “If your human body expands old, as well as your tresses converts light, the power of your ears reduces”, similarly towards eyes, nostrils, language, contact (II: p. 44) [part X]. – The fresh Sutrakritanga Sutra (into the Vol. II) mentions inside passageway the fresh new “blind-created people” (p. 243), and you may “men exactly who walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering immediately after relationships are informed of the awful disablement off that situation: are bought on out-of start right up until midnight by spouse, together with remaining evening calming infants and you may washing its nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks which indulge in erotic delights try promised however even worse disquiet when they die; following they “could well be created deaf-and-dumb, Д°sviГ§re kadД±nlar otherwise blind [footnote: possibly blind from the delivery, or undoubtedly foolish or unaware], otherwise stupid by the beginning.” (p. 363; equivalent to the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and you will dos (7)].